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Bremelanotide — sexual health

Bremelanotide

Bremelanotide

Also called: PT-141, Vyleesi

By The Health Stacks Research TeamUpdated July 28, 2026

Bremelanotide, often called PT-141, is a lab-made medicine used to help with sexual problems. It is a special kind of drug approved by the FDA to treat women who have a very low sex drive. This condition makes it hard for them to feel interested in sex. People also use it to help men who have trouble getting or keeping an erection.

It is usually given as a shot.This medicine works in a very different way than famous sex pills like Viagra or Cialis. Instead of just pushing more blood to the private parts, it works directly inside the brain. It wakes up special cells in a part of the brain that controls sexual desire and mood. Because it targets the brain's nervous system, it helps build real sexual feelings.

Women take it about forty-five minutes before they want to have sex.Even though it is an approved medicine, there are things to be careful about. It can cause some uncomfortable feelings, like an upset stomach, headaches, or redness in the face. Women are usually told not to use it more than eight times in a single month. While it is known to help with low sex drive, it does not cure the underlying reasons for the problem, which can be caused by stress, relationship issues, or hormone changes.

Research-stageEarly-stage — studied in cell or animal models, not yet tested in humans. Medium confidence40–59 — backed by moderate-quality sources. Worth a closer look at the individual citations.
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What Bremelanotide Helps With

The benefits people report — backed by research.

Reproductive & hormonal (66)

Treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder in premenopausal women 90/100· 10 srcTreatment of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder 95/100· 4 srcSalvage therapy for sildenafil non-responders 85/100· 2 srcTreatment of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder in Women 85/100· 2 srcErectile Dysfunction and Male Libido 85/100· 2 srcBoosts Libido, Sexual Motivation, and Arousal 85/100· 2 srcEnhance sexual arousal 85/100· 2 srcImproves erectile function in men 85/100· 2 srcFDA-approved for hypoactive sexual desire disorder in premenopausal women 95/100Increases sexual desire and reduces distress in premenopausal women with HSDD 95/100Increases sexual desire and decreases distress in premenopausal women with HSDD 95/100Improvement in sexual desire scores 95/100Increased sexual desire and reduced distress in premenopausal women with HSDD 95/100Increases sexual desire and satisfying sexual events 90/100Treat hypoactive sexual desire disorder in females 90/100Induces erectile response in healthy males and ED patients 90/100Centrally-acting libido enhancement via MC3R/MC4R agonism 90/100Induces dose-dependent erectile activity in men 90/100Induces statistically significant erectile response in healthy males 90/100Sexual Desire Enhancement 90/100On-demand central mechanism for sexual desire 90/100Increases sexual desire and arousal via central MC4R activation 90/100Stimulation of GnRH, LH, and FSH release 90/100Increases Sexual Desire and Arousal via CNS 90/100Sexual arousal and desire enhancement 90/100Positive erectile responses in men with ED, including sildenafil non-responders 90/100Increased sexual desire and arousal 90/100Reduced distress related to low desire 90/100Management of hypothyroidism 90/100Improved sexual desire in premenopausal women with HSDD 90/100Reduced distress related to low sexual desire 90/100Rapid onset of action achieving first erection in approximately 30 minutes 88/100As-needed dosing before activity 85/100On-demand auto-injector rather than daily chronic dosingInduction of oxytocin release 85/100Potential treatment for Erectile Dysfunction 85/100Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction 85/100Treatment of Female Sexual Dysfunction / HSDD 85/100Increased Libido and Sexual Motivation 85/100Central Nervous System Regulation of Sexual Arousal 85/100Treat erectile dysfunction in males 85/100Improve sexual satisfaction 85/100Centrally-acting libido aid via MC3R/MC4R receptors 85/100Induces clinically apparent erections in men with psychogenic erectile dysfunction 85/100Induces sexual response 85/100Initiates erections in men with erectile dysfunction 85/100Facilitates pro-erectile and pro-arousal signaling via central MC4R activation 85/100Increases erectile response in male subjects with ED 85/100Initiates Erections Independently of Sexual Stimulation 85/100Erectile dysfunction treatment including PDE5-inhibitor non-responders 85/100Erectile Function 85/100Non-hormonal mechanism 85/100Effective in men who have failed PDE-5 inhibitor therapy 85/100Improvement of Erectile Dysfunction in men 85/100Improves erectile function in men, including those non-responsive to sildenafil 85/100Positive erectile responses in men with psychogenic ED 85/100Induction of erections in men with psychogenic ED 85/100Pro-erectile effects in men with erectile dysfunction 85/100Ovulation induction in PMOS 85/100Pro-erectile effects in men 85/100Enhances subjective orgasm intensity and pair bonding 80/100Improved sexual arousal in both men and women 75/100Improves Erectile Function in PDE5i Non-Responders 75/100Combination with sildenafil increases duration of erectile activity 75/100Pro-erectile effects 75/100Increases sexual desire in premenopausal women with HSDD 72/100Enhances Sexual Confidence, Desire, and Satisfaction 70/100

Neuroprotection & cognitive (5)

Supports brain health 90/100Improves sexual function domains in postmenopausal women 85/100Potentiates dopaminergic neurotransmission in mesolimbic and nigrostriatal circuits 80/100Neuroprotective signalling in stroke and spinal cord injury models 75/100Antidepressant-like / Antistress Effects 70/100

Skin, hair & cosmetic (5)

Activates central melanocortin receptors to support sexual desire and erectile function 90/100Increases sexual desire and arousal via central melanocortin receptor activation 90/100Induction of erections via central melanocortin receptor activation 90/100Reduction of facial hair growth 90/100Improves skin health 85/100

Musculoskeletal (4)

Stimulates LH pulse frequency and increases serum testosterone in healthy men 90/100Stimulation of testosterone production 85/100Restoration of LH pulsatility and elevation of testosterone in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 80/100Restoration of pulsatile LH secretion and testosterone elevation in hypogonadal men 80/100

Weight management (3)

Supports weight loss 85/100Metabolism and Appetite Regulation 75/100Appetite Suppression 75/100

Cardiovascular & vascular (2)

Supports brain health 90/100Boosts blood flow to injuries 80/100

Other Benefits (8)

Treatment of premenopausal hypoactive sexual desire disorder 95/100Significant improvement in FSFI desire domain and reduction in distress 90/100Treatment for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder 90/100Synergistic Improvement in Erection Duration with PDE5 Inhibitors 80/100Effective in patients with ED who are inadequate responders to PDE5 inhibitors 90/100Helps regulate blood sugar 90/100Reduces inflammation 75/100Anticancer Effects in Glioblastoma 70/100

How People Use It

Under the skin

  • 1.75 mg — Acquired, generalized HSDD in premenopausal women
  • Max 1 dose per 24 hours, max 8 doses per month

For research purposes only. Not medical advice. Talk to a doctor before use.

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Technical Details & Research (click to expand)

Mechanism of Action

Bremelanotide (PT-141) is a synthetic cyclic heptapeptide melanocortin receptor agonist (principally MC4R) that acts in the central nervous system to increase sexual desire. Unlike hormonal treatments, it works via the melanocortin pathway. It is FDA-approved (Vyleesi) for acquired, generalized hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) in premenopausal women.

Known Side Effects

All Dosing Protocols

Vyleesi (FDA-approved) — SubQ · 1.75 mg 90/100
FDA Approved (Women) — SubQ 95/100

Research Citations (83)

  • Bremelanotide for Treatment of Female Hypoactive Sexual Desire

    Review2022 Key study 86/100
    Source

  • Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Bremelanotide for HSDD

    ClinicalStudy2019 85/100
    Source

  • Vyleesi (bremelanotide) prescribing information

    Guideline2019 90/100
    Source

  • Bremelanotide for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder

    95/100
    Source

  • Bookshelf

    95/100
    Source

  • LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury. Bremelanotide.

    95/100
    Source

  • Bremelanotide: New Drug Approved for Treating Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder.

    95/100
    Source

  • PT-141: a melanocortin agonist for the treatment of sexual dysfunction.

    90/100
    Source

  • Evaluation of the safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic effects of subcutaneously administered PT-141...

    90/100
    Source

  • Double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of the safety, pharmacokinetic properties and pharmacodynamic effects of intranasal PT-141...

    90/100
    Source

  • Salvage of sildenafil failures with bremelanotide: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study.

    90/100
    Source

  • Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Bremelanotide for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder.

    95/100
    Source

  • Responder Analyses from a Phase 2b Dose-Ranging Study of Bremelanotide.

    90/100
    Source

  • Bremelanotide for the Treatment of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: Two Randomized Phase 3 Trials. Obstet Gynecol. 2019.

    95/100
    Source

  • Double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of intranasal PT-141 in healthy males and patients with mild-to-moderate erectile dysfunction. Int J Impot Res. 2004.

    90/100
    Source

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