Semaglutide
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Also called: Ozempic, Rybelsus, Wegovy
By The Health Stacks Research TeamUpdated September 15, 2026
Semaglutide is a medicine that copies a natural body hormone called GLP-1. It is the main ingredient in the well-known drugs Ozempic and Wegovy. It is given as a shot, usually once a week. Doctors mostly give it to people with type 2 diabetes or obesity. It is also used to protect the heart, slow kidney problems, and treat fatty liver disease.
This medicine helps people feel full and less hungry, so they eat less and their blood sugar stays more steady. Scientists keep finding new ways it might help. Studies of real patient records found people with asthma had about 40% fewer asthma attacks and people with lung disease had about 20% fewer flare-ups. A big study in Sweden found people with a mood disorder had a 21% lower chance of going to the hospital for mental health reasons while taking it. In tests on mice, it even helped the mice live about 12% longer and stay stronger as they got old.
A test in young children with obesity showed it lowered their body weight, and 40% of the children were no longer obese after about a year and a half. Many of these new findings are still early. The long-life results come from mice, not people, so no one knows yet if it slows aging in humans. Some findings need more testing to be sure. The medicine can cost a lot without insurance, sometimes over a thousand dollars a month. People should only use it with a doctor's guidance and should not start it for these newer reasons until doctors say it is safe and it is allowed.
ApprovedApproved by a regulator (e.g. FDA) for a specific medical use — the highest research-status tier. High confidence60–79 — backed by solid sources with good corroboration across multiple citations.
Benefits
What Semaglutide Helps With
The main themes across 2144 research studies, in plain language.
Glycemic & metabolic
Blood sugar regulation & insulin function
95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources3Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →· 312 underlying claimsStudies indicate improvements in glycemic control, including lowered HbA1c and glucose-dependent insulin secretion, often with a low risk of hypoglycemia.
Research examples
- Glycaemic control in Type 2 Diabetes
- Enhances insulin secretion
- Reduction of Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c)
General safety & tolerability
95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources3Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →· 87 underlying claimsResearch profiles the safety of the medication, noting specific side effects, the absence of certain risks (e.g., hypoglycemia without sulfonylureas), and long-term tolerability.
Medication adherence & delivery
95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources4Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →· 12 underlying claimsStudies explore formulations and delivery methods, such as oral versions or stable compounds, to improve patient adherence and convenience.
Neuroprotection & cognitive
Neuroprotection & cognitive health
72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources4Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →· 42 underlying claimsPreliminary research suggests potential protective effects against cognitive decline, dementia, and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
Addiction & craving suppression
72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources2Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →· 38 underlying claimsEmerging studies suggest a role in reducing cravings for food, alcohol, and other substances, potentially by modulating brain reward pathways.
Research examples
- Reduced risk of developing substance use disorders (GLP-1 agonists)
- Appetite suppression via reward pathway modulation
- Reduction in alcohol cravings
Renal & hepatic
Kidney function support
95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources2Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →· 86 underlying claimsEvidence suggests a slowing of chronic kidney disease progression, including reduced albuminuria and preservation of glomerular filtration rate.
Research examples
- Slows eGFR decline and progression of chronic kidney disease
- Reduces albuminuria and slows eGFR decline in T2D
- Reduces risk of kidney disease worsening, kidney failure, and cardiovascular death
Liver health & steatosis
72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources2Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →· 58 underlying claimsStudies indicate potential benefits for metabolic-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), including resolution of steatohepatitis and reduction of liver fibrosis.
Research examples
- Treatment of NASH (Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis)
- Resolution of MASH (Metabolic-Associated Steatohepatitis) without worsening of liver fibrosis
- Reduces risk of hepatic complications (cirrhosis, decompensation, HCC, transplantation)
Musculoskeletal & body composition
95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources3Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →· 15 underlying claimsResearch suggests improvements in physical function, joint pain, and body composition, including fat mass reduction, alongside considerations for muscle preservation.
Systemic inflammation reduction
95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources4Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →· 41 underlying claimsResearch shows reductions in systemic inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein, and potential benefits for inflammatory conditions.
Weight management & appetite control
95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources7Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →· 642 underlying claimsResearch suggests significant reductions in body weight and appetite, achieved through mechanisms like delayed gastric emptying, increased satiety, and reduced caloric intake.
Cardiovascular risk reduction
95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources3Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →· 268 underlying claimsResearch points to a reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including heart attack and stroke, as well as improvements in blood pressure and heart failure symptoms.
Cellular aging & longevity markers
85/100Rated 85/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources3Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →· 16 underlying claimsEarly studies indicate potential effects on biological aging clocks and mortality risk, though long-term human data is still evolving.
Reproductive & hormonal balance
72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources3Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →· 17 underlying claimsResearch suggests improvements in reproductive health markers, such as testosterone levels and ovulation, particularly in the context of obesity-related dysfunction.
Sleep & respiratory function
50/100Rated 50/100Source typeUnclassified sourceIndependent sources11Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →· 18 underlying claimsClinical trials indicate improvements in obstructive sleep apnea severity and sleep quality in patients with obesity.
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How People Use It
3 reported routines — each line links to the source it came from.
From published sources
Routines as reported in peer-reviewed papers, clinical guidance, or vetted media — each linked to the source it came from.
SubQ
- 0.25 mg once weekly for the first 4 weeks, then increase to 0.5 mg once weekly. If blood glucose levels are still too high, dose may continue to increase every 4 weeks until reaching the effective amount (up to 2 mg once weekly). 95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources34Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ source
Oral
- Once-daily oral tablet, started at a low dose and increased about every four weeks to a maximum of 25 mg; taken first thing in the morning on an empty stomach with only 4 ounces of water, then wait 30 minutes before eating, drinking, or taking other medications; tablet must be swallowed whole 90/100Rated 90/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ source
General
- Manufactured in a variety of dosage strengths; patients typically start at the lowest dosage strength and, as needed, increase dosage strengths over time 90/100Rated 90/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ source
mg vs mcg: one milligram (mg) equals 1,000 micrograms (mcg) — multiply by 1,000 going from mg to mcg, divide by 1,000 going from mcg to mg. Mixing the two up is a thousand-fold dosing error: 1 mg taken instead of 1 mcg is a 1,000× overdose; 1 mcg instead of 1 mg is a 1,000× underdose. Always double-check the unit label and the decimal place.
Honest expectations
What Semaglutide doesn’t do
What the sourced research says it doesn’t do — as notable as what it does.
- Induces weight loss without decreasing energy expenditure 92/100Rated 92/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↵ source
- HbA1c <7% achieved in 75% of T2DM patients without increased hypoglycemia or weight gain 85/100Rated 85/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↵ source
- Lowers blood sugar in Type 2 diabetes by stimulating insulin release, slowing gastric emptying, and reducing hepatic glucose production without causing hypoglycemia 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↵ source
- Lowers blood sugar in Type 2 diabetes without causing hypoglycemia via insulin release stimulation, slowed gastric emptying, and reduced hepatic glucose production 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↵ source
- Demonstrated fat reduction without affecting IGF-1 or glucose levels 60/100Rated 60/100Source typeSpecialist communityIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↵ source
Safety
Known Side Effects
Adverse effects reported in the research and by community use.
- NauseaModerateReported in 423 sources 95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources423Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ncbi.nlm.nih.gov↗ doi.org↗ fda.gov↗ ema.europa.eu+419
- HypoglycemiaSevereReported in 39 sources 95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources39Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ncbi.nlm.nih.gov↗ doi.org↗ healthquality.va.gov↗ verywellhealth.com+35
- Gastrointestinal effects (Nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, constipation, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, flatulence, gastroenteritis, GERD)Mild 95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- HeadacheMildReported in 86 sources 95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources86Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov↗ doi.org↗ fda.gov↗ fda.gov+82
- Hypoglycemia (in patients with type 2 diabetes)ModerateReported in 2 sources 95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources2Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov↗ fda.gov
- Serious adverse eventsSevereReported in 3 sources 95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources3Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov↗ nature.com↗ sciencedaily.com
- VomitingModerateReported in 265 sources 95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources265Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov↗ doi.org↗ ema.europa.eu↗ ema.europa.eu+261
- ConstipationModerateReported in 243 sources 95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources243Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov↗ fda.gov↗ ema.europa.eu↗ ema.europa.eu+239
- FatigueMildReported in 105 sources 95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources105Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov↗ fda.gov↗ fda.gov↗ fda.gov+101
- DizzinessMildReported in 45 sources 95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources45Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov↗ fda.gov↗ fda.gov↗ verywellhealth.com+41
- Cutaneous Adverse Reactions (Bullous PemphigoidMild 95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Pruritus (Itching)MildReported in 2 sources 95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources2Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov↗ seekpeptides.com
- Eczematous DermatitisModerate 95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Alopecia (Hair Loss)ModerateReported in 2 sources 95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources2Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov↗ nutraingredients-usa.com
- Bullous PemphigoidSevere 95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Eosinophilic PanniculitisSevere 95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Injection-site reactionsMildReported in 50 sources 95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources50Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ doi.org↗ healthquality.va.gov↗ doi.org↗ fda.gov+46
- Gastrointestinal disorders (nauseaModerateReported in 2 sources 95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources2Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ doi.org↗ nature.com
- Therapeutic resistance and attenuated weight lossModerate 95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ insight.jci.org
- Rebound obesity and increased adiposityModerate 95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ insight.jci.org
- Adipocyte hypertrophyModerate 95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ insight.jci.org
- Impaired glucose toleranceModerate 95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ insight.jci.org
- Hyperleptinemia (increased serum leptin)Mild 95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ insight.jci.org
- Rapid weight regain upon cessationModerate 95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ insight.jci.org
- Gastrointestinal adverse events leading to discontinuationModerate 95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- etc.)Mild 95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Renal impairment (if volume depleted due to vomiting)Moderate 95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ pbm.va.gov
- ArthralgiasMild 95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ pbm.va.gov
- Heartburn, burpingMild 95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medlineplus.gov
- Pancreatitis (upper abdominal pain spreading to back)Severe 95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medlineplus.gov
- Allergic reaction (rash, itching, swelling, difficulty breathing)Severe 95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medlineplus.gov
- Kidney problems (decreased urination, leg/ankle swelling)Moderate 95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medlineplus.gov
- Vision changes (diabetic retinopathy complications)Moderate 95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medlineplus.gov
- Gallbladder problems (upper stomach pain, jaundice, clay-colored stools)Severe 95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medlineplus.gov
- Rapid or pounding heartbeatModerate 95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medlineplus.gov
- Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia symptoms)Moderate 95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medlineplus.gov
- Thyroid tumors including possible thyroid cancer riskSevere 95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medlineplus.gov
- Hypoglycemia (with insulin or insulin secretagogue)Severe 95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ accessdata.fda.gov
- Acute kidney injury due to volume depletionSevereReported in 2 sources 95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources2Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ accessdata.fda.gov↗ novomedlink.com
- Hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylaxis and angioedemaLifeThreateningReported in 2 sources 95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources2Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ accessdata.fda.gov↗ singlecare.com
- Diabetic retinopathy complications in patients with type 2 diabetesSevere 95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ accessdata.fda.gov
- Stomach pain / constipationMild 95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medlineplus.gov
- Allergic reactions (rash, itching, swelling, difficulty breathing)Severe 95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medlineplus.gov
- Thyroid tumors including possible medullary thyroid cancer (boxed warning; shown in rats)Severe 95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medlineplus.gov
- Fatigue, musculoskeletal pain, rash, diarrhea, hypothyroidism, constipation, nausea, headache, pruritis, edema, localized infection, urinary tract infection with Unloxcyt (≥10%)Moderate 95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ fda.gov
- Therapeutic resistance with attenuated weight loss after repeated cyclingModerate 94/100Rated 94/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ insight.jci.org
- Rebound weight gain above baseline after withdrawalModerate 94/100Rated 94/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ insight.jci.org
- Increased adiposity and adipocyte hypertrophyModerate 93/100Rated 93/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ insight.jci.org
- Increased serum leptin and impaired glucose toleranceModerate 92/100Rated 92/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ insight.jci.org
- Urinary incontinenceModerateReported in 2 sources 90/100Rated 90/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources2Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ fda.gov↗ secure.medicalletter.org
- DeathLifeThreateningReported in 5 sources 90/100Rated 90/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources5Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ fda.gov↗ ic3.gov↗ pharmaceutical-journal.com↗ peptideverdict.com+1
- Urinary tract infectionModerateReported in 2 sources 90/100Rated 90/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources2Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ fda.gov↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Severe nauseaModerateReported in 3 sources 90/100Rated 90/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources3Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ fda.gov↗ safemedicines.org↗ maximustribe.com
- Severe vomitingModerateReported in 2 sources 90/100Rated 90/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources2Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ fda.gov↗ safemedicines.org
- Severe hypoglycemiaSevereReported in 3 sources 90/100Rated 90/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources3Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ fda.gov↗ safemedicines.org↗ brighamhealthonamission.org
- FaintingModerateReported in 3 sources 90/100Rated 90/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources3Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ fda.gov↗ safemedicines.org↗ meto.co
- MigraineModerateReported in 2 sources 90/100Rated 90/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources2Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ fda.gov↗ safemedicines.org
- DehydrationModerateReported in 13 sources 90/100Rated 90/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources13Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ fda.gov↗ pharmaceutical-journal.com↗ peptidedeck.com↗ safemedicines.org+9
- DiarrhoeaMildReported in 70 sources 90/100Rated 90/100Source typeRegulator or clinical registryIndependent sources70Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ema.europa.eu↗ ema.europa.eu↗ ema.europa.eu↗ ema.europa.eu+66
- Low blood sugar levelsModerateReported in 2 sources 90/100Rated 90/100Source typeRegulator or clinical registryIndependent sources2Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ema.europa.eu↗ kidneyfund.org
- Worsening of diabetic retinopathySevereReported in 50 sources 90/100Rated 90/100Source typeRegulator or clinical registryIndependent sources50Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ema.europa.eu↗ ema.europa.eu↗ ema.europa.eu↗ ema.europa.eu+46
- Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION)SevereReported in 67 sources 90/100Rated 90/100Source typeRegulator or clinical registryIndependent sources67Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ema.europa.eu↗ ema.europa.eu↗ ema.europa.eu↗ ema.europa.eu+63
- DiarrhoeaMild 90/100Rated 90/100Source typeRegulator or clinical registryIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ema.europa.eu
- Gallbladder-related disordersModerateReported in 3 sources 90/100Rated 90/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources3Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ doi.org↗ doi.org↗ nature.com
- Adverse events leading to treatment discontinuationModerateReported in 2 sources 90/100Rated 90/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources2Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ doi.org↗ nature.com
- NAION (eye condition)SevereReported in 5 sources 90/100Rated 90/100Source typeRegulator or clinical registryIndependent sources5Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ema.europa.eu↗ ema.europa.eu↗ ema.europa.eu↗ ema.europa.eu+1
- Abdominal (belly) painMildReported in 2 sources 90/100Rated 90/100Source typeRegulator or clinical registryIndependent sources2Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ema.europa.eu↗ ema.europa.eu
- Low blood sugar levels (when used with insulin or a sulphonylurea)ModerateReported in 17 sources 90/100Rated 90/100Source typeRegulator or clinical registryIndependent sources17Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ema.europa.eu↗ ema.europa.eu↗ ema.europa.eu↗ ema.europa.eu+13
- Low blood sugar levels (hypoglycemia)ModerateReported in 7 sources 90/100Rated 90/100Source typeRegulator or clinical registryIndependent sources7Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ema.europa.eu↗ ema.europa.eu↗ ema.europa.eu↗ ema.europa.eu+3
- Eye condition NAION (Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy)Severe 90/100Rated 90/100Source typeRegulator or clinical registryIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ema.europa.eu
- Worsening of diabetic retinopathy (damage to the retina)Moderate 90/100Rated 90/100Source typeRegulator or clinical registryIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ema.europa.eu
- Gastrointestinal side effects (nausea and vomiting)MildReported in 2 sources 90/100Rated 90/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources2Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ doi.org↗ cnbc.com
- Thyroid C-cell tumors (Boxed Warning)LifeThreateningReported in 5 sources 90/100Rated 90/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources5Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ fda.gov↗ medpagetoday.com↗ formblends.com↗ peptidestack.io+1
- Gallbladder problems (including gallstones)ModerateReported in 5 sources 90/100Rated 90/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources5Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ fda.gov↗ medicalnewstoday.com↗ lifemd.com↗ novomedlink.com+1
- VomitingMild 90/100Rated 90/100Source typeRegulator or clinical registryIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ema.europa.eu
- nauseaMild 90/100Rated 90/100Source typeRegulator or clinical registryIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ema.europa.eu
- swellingModerateReported in 2 sources 90/100Rated 90/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources2Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ fda.gov↗ optimalabs.org
- Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathySevere 90/100Rated 90/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ dx.doi.org
- Nausea, stomach upset/dyspepsiaMild 90/100Rated 90/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ pbm.va.gov
- Belching and gassinessMild 90/100Rated 90/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ pbm.va.gov
- Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)SevereReported in 2 sources 90/100Rated 90/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources2Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ pbm.va.gov↗ tcoyd.org
- Genitourinary infectionsMild 90/100Rated 90/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ pbm.va.gov
- Hypovolemia or hypotensionModerate 90/100Rated 90/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ pbm.va.gov
- Fatigue (feeling tired)Mild 90/100Rated 90/100Source typeRegulator or clinical registryIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ema.europa.eu
- Digestive problems: diarrhoea, vomiting and nausea (very common, >1 in 10)Mild 90/100Rated 90/100Source typeRegulator or clinical registryIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ema.europa.eu
- Serious worsening of diabetic retinopathy (common, up to 1 in 10)ModerateReported in 4 sources 90/100Rated 90/100Source typeRegulator or clinical registryIndependent sources4Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ema.europa.eu↗ ema.europa.eu↗ ema.europa.eu↗ ema.europa.eu
- Low blood sugar (when used with insulin or a sulphonylurea)ModerateReported in 5 sources 90/100Rated 90/100Source typeRegulator or clinical registryIndependent sources5Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ema.europa.eu↗ ema.europa.eu↗ ema.europa.eu↗ ema.europa.eu+1
- Risk of worsening diabetic retinopathyModerateReported in 4 sources 90/100Rated 90/100Source typeRegulator or clinical registryIndependent sources4Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ema.europa.eu↗ ema.europa.eu↗ ema.europa.eu↗ ema.europa.eu
- NAION (non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy), very rareSevereReported in 15 sources 90/100Rated 90/100Source typeRegulator or clinical registryIndependent sources15Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ema.europa.eu↗ ema.europa.eu↗ ema.europa.eu↗ ema.europa.eu+11
- NAION (non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy) - very rare eye conditionSevereReported in 2 sources 90/100Rated 90/100Source typeRegulator or clinical registryIndependent sources2Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ema.europa.eu↗ ema.europa.eu
- NAION (eye condition, very rare)SevereReported in 3 sources 90/100Rated 90/100Source typeRegulator or clinical registryIndependent sources3Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ema.europa.eu↗ ema.europa.eu↗ ema.europa.eu
- NAION (non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy) - very rare eye conditionSevere 90/100Rated 90/100Source typeRegulator or clinical registryIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ema.europa.eu
- Therapeutic resistance and increased adiposity with intermittent (cycled) GLP-1 RA treatmentModerate 90/100Rated 90/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ insight.jci.org
- NAION (eye condition, very rare, per PRAC 2025)SevereReported in 2 sources 90/100Rated 90/100Source typeRegulator or clinical registryIndependent sources2Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ema.europa.eu↗ ema.europa.eu
- Nausea (affects more than 1 in 10 people)ModerateReported in 3 sources 90/100Rated 90/100Source typeRegulator or clinical registryIndependent sources3Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ema.europa.eu↗ ema.europa.eu↗ ema.europa.eu
- Possible worsening of diabetic retinopathyModerateReported in 2 sources 90/100Rated 90/100Source typeRegulator or clinical registryIndependent sources2Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ema.europa.eu↗ ema.europa.eu
- Nausea (affecting more than 1 in 10 people)MildReported in 2 sources 90/100Rated 90/100Source typeRegulator or clinical registryIndependent sources2Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ema.europa.eu↗ ema.europa.eu
- Gastrointestinal effects: nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea (>1 in 10 people, mild/moderate, short duration)ModerateReported in 3 sources 90/100Rated 90/100Source typeRegulator or clinical registryIndependent sources3Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ema.europa.eu↗ ema.europa.eu↗ ema.europa.eu
- Serious worsening of diabetic retinopathy (up to 1 in 10 people)SevereReported in 10 sources 90/100Rated 90/100Source typeRegulator or clinical registryIndependent sources10Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ema.europa.eu↗ ema.europa.eu↗ ema.europa.eu↗ ema.europa.eu+6
- Diarrhoea, vomiting and nausea (digestive system)Moderate 90/100Rated 90/100Source typeRegulator or clinical registryIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ema.europa.eu
- Serious worsening of diabetic retinopathySevereReported in 9 sources 90/100Rated 90/100Source typeRegulator or clinical registryIndependent sources9Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ema.europa.eu↗ ema.europa.eu↗ ema.europa.eu↗ ema.europa.eu+5
- Digestive system effects: diarrhoea, vomiting, nauseaMildReported in 3 sources 90/100Rated 90/100Source typeRegulator or clinical registryIndependent sources3Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ema.europa.eu↗ ema.europa.eu↗ ema.europa.eu
- Gastrointestinal effects: nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea (>1 in 10 people)Moderate 90/100Rated 90/100Source typeRegulator or clinical registryIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ema.europa.eu
- Serious worsening of diabetic retinopathy (common, up to 1 in 10 people)SevereReported in 5 sources 90/100Rated 90/100Source typeRegulator or clinical registryIndependent sources5Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ema.europa.eu↗ ema.europa.eu↗ ema.europa.eu↗ ema.europa.eu+1
- Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea (digestive system effects, >1 in 10 people)Mild 90/100Rated 90/100Source typeRegulator or clinical registryIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ema.europa.eu
- Digestive system effects: diarrhoea, vomiting and nausea (>1 in 10 people), mild-to-moderate and short durationMild 90/100Rated 90/100Source typeRegulator or clinical registryIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ema.europa.eu
- Gastrointestinal effects: diarrhoea, vomiting, nausea (affect more than 1 in 10 people)Mild 90/100Rated 90/100Source typeRegulator or clinical registryIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ema.europa.eu
- Gastrointestinal effects (nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea)MildReported in 2 sources 90/100Rated 90/100Source typeRegulator or clinical registryIndependent sources2Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ema.europa.eu↗ ema.europa.eu
- Gastrointestinal effects: diarrhoea, vomiting, nausea (>1 in 10 people; mild-to-moderate, short duration)Mild 90/100Rated 90/100Source typeRegulator or clinical registryIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ema.europa.eu
- Diarrhoea (affects more than 1 in 10 people)Mild 90/100Rated 90/100Source typeRegulator or clinical registryIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ema.europa.eu
- Low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia) when used with insulin or a sulphonylureaModerate 90/100Rated 90/100Source typeRegulator or clinical registryIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ema.europa.eu
- Nausea (>1 in 10 people)Mild 90/100Rated 90/100Source typeRegulator or clinical registryIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ema.europa.eu
- Diarrhoea (>1 in 10 people)Mild 90/100Rated 90/100Source typeRegulator or clinical registryIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ema.europa.eu
- NAION (very rare eye condition)SevereReported in 2 sources 90/100Rated 90/100Source typeRegulator or clinical registryIndependent sources2Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ema.europa.eu↗ ema.europa.eu
- Rebound obesity and increased adiposity after cycling GLP-1 RA treatmentModerate 90/100Rated 90/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ insight.jci.org
- Therapeutic resistance upon re-treatment with GLP-1 RAModerate 90/100Rated 90/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ insight.jci.org
- Digestive issues: diarrhoea, vomiting, nausea (mild/moderate, short duration)Mild 90/100Rated 90/100Source typeRegulator or clinical registryIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ema.europa.eu
- Digestive system effects (diarrhoea, vomiting, nausea), affecting more than 1 in 10 peopleMild 90/100Rated 90/100Source typeRegulator or clinical registryIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ema.europa.eu
- Gastrointestinal effects: diarrhoea, vomiting, nausea (>1 in 10 people)Mild 90/100Rated 90/100Source typeRegulator or clinical registryIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ema.europa.eu
- Digestive side effects: nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea (>1 in 10 people)Mild 90/100Rated 90/100Source typeRegulator or clinical registryIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ema.europa.eu
- Diarrhoea, vomiting, nausea (common, >1 in 10)Mild 90/100Rated 90/100Source typeRegulator or clinical registryIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ema.europa.eu
- Serious worsening of diabetic retinopathy (up to 1 in 10)Severe 90/100Rated 90/100Source typeRegulator or clinical registryIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ema.europa.eu
- Gastrointestinal effects: nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea (affect more than 1 in 10 people; mild/moderate, short duration)Moderate 90/100Rated 90/100Source typeRegulator or clinical registryIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ema.europa.eu
- Gastrointestinal effects (diarrhoea, vomiting, nausea), common (>1 in 10), mild/moderate and short durationModerate 90/100Rated 90/100Source typeRegulator or clinical registryIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ema.europa.eu
- Gastrointestinal effects: nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea (>1 in 10 people; mild-to-moderate, short duration)Mild 90/100Rated 90/100Source typeRegulator or clinical registryIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ema.europa.eu
- Digestive system effects: diarrhoea, vomiting and nausea (common, >1 in 10; mild/moderate, short duration)Moderate 90/100Rated 90/100Source typeRegulator or clinical registryIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ema.europa.eu
- Gastrointestinal effects: nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea (common, >1 in 10; mild/moderate, short duration)Mild 90/100Rated 90/100Source typeRegulator or clinical registryIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ema.europa.eu
- Gastrointestinal effects: diarrhoea, vomiting, nausea (common, >1 in 10)Mild 90/100Rated 90/100Source typeRegulator or clinical registryIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ema.europa.eu
- Sildenafil (and other phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors) contraindicated with nitrates due to hypotension risk (context: sexual activity in ASCVD)Moderate 90/100Rated 90/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ doi.org
- Diarrhoea (affecting more than 1 in 10 people)Mild 90/100Rated 90/100Source typeRegulator or clinical registryIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ema.europa.eu
- Rapid weight regain upon cessation of GLP-1 RA therapyModerate 88/100Rated 88/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ insight.jci.org
- Hyperleptinemia and impaired glucose tolerance after cycled treatmentModerate 88/100Rated 88/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ insight.jci.org
- Increased adiposity / rebound obesity after cycling GLP-1 RA treatmentModerate 88/100Rated 88/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ insight.jci.org
- Therapeutic resistance upon re-treatment after cyclingModerate 88/100Rated 88/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ insight.jci.org
- Increase in diabetes-related retinopathy observed in SUSTAIN 6 CVOT in patients with preexisting retinopathy (SmPC warning)Moderate 88/100Rated 88/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ doi.org
- Rebound obesity and increased adiposity upon treatment cessationModerate 85/100Rated 85/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ insight.jci.org
- Therapeutic resistanceModerate 85/100Rated 85/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ insight.jci.org
- Gastrointestinal problems (nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation)Moderate 85/100Rated 85/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ health.harvard.edu
- Severe hypoglycemia (very low blood sugar)LifeThreatening 85/100Rated 85/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ health.harvard.edu
- Facial fat loss ('Ozempic face'): hollowed look, wrinkles, sunken eyes, sagging jowlsModerate 85/100Rated 85/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ health.harvard.edu
- Pancreatitis (abdominal pain)Severe 85/100Rated 85/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ health.harvard.edu
- Gastroparesis (slowed/stopped stomach emptying)Severe 85/100Rated 85/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ health.harvard.edu
- Elevated plasma leptin levels in cycled miceMild 85/100Rated 85/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ insight.jci.org
- Facial fat loss / sagging and wrinkles ('Ozempic face')Mild 85/100Rated 85/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ health.harvard.edu
- Hypoglycemia (very low blood sugar), potentially life-threateningSevere 85/100Rated 85/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ health.harvard.edu
- Occasional gastrointestinal symptoms 2 years after semaglutide discontinuation (liquid stools, nausea, dyspepsia, bloating) on continued metforminMild 85/100Rated 85/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ doi.org
- Ozempic face (facial fat loss: hollowed look, wrinkles, sunken eyes, sagging jowls)Moderate 80/100Rated 80/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ health.harvard.edu
- Gallstone attacks and bile duct blockageSevere 80/100Rated 80/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ health.harvard.edu
- Weight regain after discontinuing therapyModerate 80/100Rated 80/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ news.northwestern.edu
- Reduced sensation of thirst (worsening constipation)Mild 80/100Rated 80/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ med.stanford.edu
- Weight regain after stopping (~2 lbs/month)Moderate 80/100Rated 80/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ med.stanford.edu
- Muscle loss during weight lossMild 78/100Rated 78/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ med.stanford.edu
- Muscle loss with weight reductionMild 78/100Rated 78/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ med.stanford.edu
- Presence of impurities including formaldehyde and unidentified impurities in compounded semaglutide productsModerate 78/100Rated 78/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ brookings.edu
- Delayed gastric emptying with retained stomach contents even after prolonged fastingModerate 78/100Rated 78/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ucsf.edu
- Women show increased vulnerability to adverse drug reactions from semaglutideModerateReported in 2 sources 75/100Rated 75/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources2Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ doi.org↗ archivog.com
- Loss of lean massMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medscape.com
- Abdominal painMildReported in 81 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources81Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ema.europa.eu↗ ema.europa.eu↗ ema.europa.eu↗ ema.europa.eu+77
- BloatingMildReported in 39 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources39Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ healthline.com↗ singlecare.com↗ singlecare.com↗ singlecare.com+35
- Acid refluxMildReported in 11 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources11Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ med.stanford.edu↗ healthline.com↗ wwd.com↗ standard.co.uk+7
- SleepinessMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ healthline.com
- More intense side effects compared to injectionModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ verywellhealth.com
- Nausea or vomitingMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ verywellhealth.com
- Stomach pain or discomfortMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ verywellhealth.com
- Indigestion (dyspepsia)Mild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ verywellhealth.com
- PancreatitisSevereReported in 82 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources82Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ fda.gov↗ pbm.va.gov↗ pbm.va.gov↗ healthquality.va.gov+78
- Diabetic retinopathySevereReported in 7 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources7Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ fda.gov↗ verywellhealth.com↗ medicalnewstoday.com↗ kidneyfund.org+3
- Acute kidney injurySevereReported in 19 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources19Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ fda.gov↗ verywellhealth.com↗ verywellhealth.com↗ healthline.com+15
- Vitamin B12 deficiencyModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ verywellhealth.com
- Decreased appetiteMildReported in 9 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources9Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ verywellhealth.com↗ singlecare.com↗ novocare.com↗ joinmidi.com+5
- Injection site reactions or discomfortMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ verywellhealth.com
- Diabetic retinopathy complicationsSevereReported in 14 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources14Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ verywellhealth.com↗ singlecare.com↗ singlecare.com↗ formblends.com+10
- Gallbladder diseaseSevereReported in 20 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources20Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ healthquality.va.gov↗ verywellhealth.com↗ medicalnewstoday.com↗ formblends.com+16
- IleusSevereReported in 2 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources2Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ verywellhealth.com↗ peptideexaminer.com
- Stomach painMildReported in 22 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources22Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medlineplus.gov↗ verywellhealth.com↗ singlecare.com↗ healthline.com+18
- SweatingModerateReported in 2 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources2Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ verywellhealth.com↗ latimes.com
- ShakingModerateReported in 2 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources2Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ verywellhealth.com↗ uptownmedicalwellness.com
- HungerMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ verywellhealth.com
- ConfusionModerateReported in 2 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources2Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ verywellhealth.com↗ latimes.com
- NervousnessMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ verywellhealth.com
- Adverse events incidence comparable to active comparator (PiaSky)Mild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ synapse.patsnap.com
- GallstonesSevereReported in 11 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources11Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ fda.gov↗ webmd.com↗ safemedicines.org↗ erictopol.substack.com+7
- Diminished muscle massModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ webmd.com
- Reduced bone densityModerateReported in 2 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources2Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ webmd.com↗ seekpeptides.com
- Gastrointestinal eventsModerateReported in 6 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources6Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ link.springer.com↗ novonordisk.com↗ societaitalianadiendocrinologia.it↗ emjreviews.com+2
- Diarrhea or constipationMildReported in 8 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources8Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com↗ rwacenter.com↗ rwacenter.com↗ rwacenter.com+4
- Allergic reactionSevereReported in 10 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources10Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com↗ webmd.com↗ medicalnewstoday.com↗ verywellhealth.com+6
- Abdominal pain or indigestionMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- Stomach paralysis (gastroparesis)Severe 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- GasMildReported in 5 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources5Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com↗ self.com↗ universaldrugstore.com↗ seekpeptides.com+1
- Runny noseMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- Sore throatMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)ModerateReported in 21 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources21Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com↗ verywellhealth.com↗ medicalnewstoday.com↗ medicalnewstoday.com+17
- Thyroid C-Cell Tumor RiskSevere 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- Adverse side effectsModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- Suicidal ideationSevereReported in 4 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources4Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ clinicaltrialsarena.com↗ pharmaceutical-technology.com↗ people.com↗ gizmodo.com
- Discontinuation due to adverse eventsModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ pharmaceutical-technology.com
- Gastrointestinal adverse eventsModerateReported in 9 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources9Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ doi.org↗ pharmaceutical-technology.com↗ luxaralabs.com↗ adameetingnews.org+5
- Weight lossMildReported in 2 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources2Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com↗ singlecare.com
- Nutritional deficienciesModerateReported in 2 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources2Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com↗ meto.co
- Reductions in muscle massModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Reductions in bone densityModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Stomach discomfortMildReported in 4 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources4Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ clinicaltrialsarena.com↗ knownwell.co↗ ocweightlossandmedspa.com↗ seekpeptides.com
- TirednessMildReported in 3 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources3Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ clinicaltrialsarena.com↗ secondnature.io↗ formhealth.co
- DyspepsiaMildReported in 6 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources6Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ema.europa.eu↗ healthquality.va.gov↗ clinicaltrialsarena.com↗ peptidepedia.org+2
- Abdominal distensionMildReported in 3 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources3Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ fda.gov↗ fda.gov↗ clinicaltrialsarena.com
- EructationMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ clinicaltrialsarena.com
- Hypoglycaemia in T2DModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ clinicaltrialsarena.com
- FlatulenceMildReported in 7 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources7Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ fda.gov↗ fda.gov↗ clinicaltrialsarena.com↗ medicalnewstoday.com+3
- GastroenteritisMildReported in 3 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources3Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ fda.gov↗ clinicaltrialsarena.com↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)MildReported in 3 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources3Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ fda.gov↗ clinicaltrialsarena.com↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Lean-mass and bone loss when stacking GLP-1s post-bariatric surgeryModerateReported in 2 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources2Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medscape.com↗ medscape.com
- Rapid weight regain upon discontinuationModerateReported in 2 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources2Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medscape.com↗ sciencedaily.com
- Adherence issuesMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medscape.com
- Loss of lean mass (muscle mass)Moderate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medscape.com
- Appetite suppressionMildReported in 3 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources3Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medscape.com↗ seekpeptides.com↗ seekpeptides.com
- Potential serious adverse reactions in breastfed infants from SNAC accumulationSevere 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ endocrinologyadvisor.com
- Significant decrease in physical activityMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ endocrinologyadvisor.com
- Gastrointestinal events (nauseaMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ nature.com
- CholelithiasisModerateReported in 3 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources3Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ nature.com↗ aafp.org↗ novomedlink.com
- Mild pancreatitisModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ nature.com
- Side effects leading to medication discontinuationModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ nature.com
- Nausea and/or vomitingMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- Abdominal discomfortMildReported in 9 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources9Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com↗ ithrivein.com↗ helimeds.com↗ ithrivein.com+5
- Thyroid tumors (Black Box Warning)LifeThreateningReported in 3 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources3Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com↗ policylab.us↗ ro.co
- Lack of efficacy from oral tirzepatide due to digestive enzyme destructionModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ drugdiscoverytrends.com
- Malignant neoplasmsSevere 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ nature.com
- Injection painMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ patents.google.com
- Exposure to dangerous impuritiesSevereReported in 2 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources2Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ drugdiscoverytrends.com↗ drugdiscoverytrends.com
- IndigestionMildReported in 11 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources11Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com↗ singlecare.com↗ singlecare.com↗ singlecare.com+7
- Distended abdomenMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- BurpingMildReported in 6 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources6Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com↗ joinmidi.com↗ medicines.org.uk↗ seekpeptides.com+2
- Low blood sugar in people with type 2 diabetesModerateReported in 4 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources4Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com↗ healthline.com↗ singlecare.com↗ self.com
- Runny nose and sore throatMildReported in 2 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources2Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com↗ singlecare.com
- Increased lipase levelsModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- FeverMildReported in 5 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources5Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com↗ peptidepedia.org↗ optimalabs.org↗ optimalabs.org+1
- Hypersensitivity reactionsSevereReported in 4 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources4Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ pbm.va.gov↗ medicalnewstoday.com↗ pathtopeptides.com↗ peptidedeck.com
- Hair lossMildReported in 23 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources23Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com↗ webmd.com↗ policylab.us↗ policylab.us+19
- GastritisModerateReported in 2 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources2Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com↗ medicines.org.uk
- Exposure to carcinogenic NDMA impuritySevere 72/100Rated 72/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ brookings.edu
- Exposure to formaldehyde and unidentified impurities in compounded productsSevere 72/100Rated 72/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ brookings.edu
- Hyperglycemia (High Blood Sugar)ModerateReported in 2 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources2Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ verywellhealth.com↗ novonordisk.at
- Diabetic NeuropathySevere 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ verywellhealth.com
- NAION (Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy) / Irreversible vision lossSevere 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ synapse.patsnap.com
- General adverse effects of GLP-1 receptor agonistsMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ link.springer.com
- HeadachesMildReported in 18 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources18Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com↗ secondnature.io↗ medhealth360.com↗ chicagoarthritis.com+14
- Infections from contaminationSevere 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- CagriSema mostly mild side effectsMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ drugdiscoverytrends.com
- Abdominal crampingMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ webmd.com
- Injection site lumpMildReported in 2 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources2Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ webmd.com↗ ro.co
- Kidney damageSevereReported in 2 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources2Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ webmd.com↗ aging-matters.com
- Serious bleeding (from immune reaction)Severe 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ webmd.com
- Adverse events associated with obesity pharmacotherapyModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ nature.com
- Cardiovascular effects of weight loss agentsModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ nature.com
- Treatment discontinuation due to GI side effectsModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Paracentral acute middle maculopathy (Retinal stroke)Severe 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Papillitis (Optic nerve swelling)Moderate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Liver toxicity from tolebrutinibSevere 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ biopharmadive.com
- Eye toxicity from BlenrepModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ biopharmadive.com
- Constipation or diarrheaMildReported in 2 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources2Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ healthline.com↗ rivasweightloss.com
- HeartburnMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ healthline.com
- BloatingMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ healthline.com
- Mood changesModerateReported in 5 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources5Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ healthline.com↗ medicalnewstoday.com↗ knownwell.co↗ thelooker.thedailybeast.com+1
- Allergic reaction (anaphylaxis)LifeThreatening 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ healthline.com
- Acute cholelithiasis (gallstones)Severe 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ healthline.com
- Diabetic retinopathy in people with type 2 diabetesSevere 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ healthline.com
- Changes in heart rateModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ healthline.com
- Suicidal behavior or ideationSevere 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ healthline.com
- Polydipsia (Excessive thirst)Moderate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ verywellhealth.com
- Polyuria (Frequent urination)Moderate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ verywellhealth.com
- Blurry visionModerateReported in 2 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources2Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ verywellhealth.com↗ freestyleprovider.abbott
- Unusual tirednessMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ verywellhealth.com
- Gastrointestinal adverse effects (bloatingModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ endocrinologyadvisor.com
- Allergic reactions (trouble breathingSevere 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- Severely low blood sugarSevere 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- Thyroid cancer risk (including Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma)Severe 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- GastroparesisSevere 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Acute kidney injury and worsening of chronic kidney failureSevere 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Gallbladder problems (including gallstones and cholecystitis)Moderate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- BelchingMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Allergic reactions (skin rashesSevere 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Difficulty breathing or swallowingSevere 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Decreased urinationSevere 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Slurred speechSevere 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Shakiness or jitterinessModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- WeaknessModerateReported in 3 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources3Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com↗ uptownmedicalwellness.com↗ secondnature.io
- DrowsinessMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Persistent pain beginning in the upper left or middle of the abdomen spreading to the backSevere 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Swelling of legsModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Gastric upset and nauseaMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Stomach pain and upset stomachMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Increased risk for biliary diseasesModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ endocrinologyadvisor.com
- Increased benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) riskModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ endocrinologyadvisor.com
- Severe gastrointestinal reactionsSevere 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ endocrinologyadvisor.com
- Pulmonary aspiration during general anesthesiaSevere 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ endocrinologyadvisor.com
- Allergic reactions (from switching medications)Moderate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- Hypersensitivity reactions (anaphylaxis or angioedema)Severe 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- side effectsMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medscape.com
- and cost shrink weight loss gainsMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medscape.com
- VomitingMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ nature.com
- DiarrheaMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ nature.com
- ConstipationMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ nature.com
- indigestionMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ healthline.com
- or GERDMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ healthline.com
- belchingMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ healthline.com
- and flatulenceMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ healthline.com
- abdominal discomfortModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ endocrinologyadvisor.com
- diarrhea) from GLP-1 receptor agonistsModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ endocrinologyadvisor.com
- hivesSevere 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- swelling)Severe 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- intestinal obstruction (ileus)Severe 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- and severe constipationSevere 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- hivesSevere 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- swelling of face/mouth/tongue/throat)Severe 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- anklesModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- or feetModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Gastrointestinal (GI) side effectsModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ drugdiscoverytrends.com
- Sickness/Feeling sick when drinkingMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ nature.com
- Reduced tolerance to alcoholMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ nature.com
- Reduced sensation of thirstMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ med.stanford.edu
- Gastrointestinal Distress (Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea)Mild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ verywellhealth.com
- Adverse Events (Compounded)Severe 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ statnews.com
- Lean Body Mass ReductionMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ drugdiscoverytrends.com
- Fatigue, hair loss, or dizziness (deficiency warning signs)Mild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ verywellhealth.com
- Nausea (GLP-1 medications)Mild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ verywellhealth.com
- Vomiting (GLP-1 medications)Moderate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ verywellhealth.com
- Diarrhea (GLP-1 medications)Moderate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ verywellhealth.com
- Constipation (GLP-1 medications)Moderate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ verywellhealth.com
- Muscle loss during weight loss (GLP-1 medications)Moderate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ verywellhealth.com
- Decreased bone density during weight loss (GLP-1 medications)Moderate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ verywellhealth.com
- Sudden vision changes in patients taking semaglutide or tirzepatide (nine individuals in JAMA Ophthalmology case series)Severe 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ drugdiscoverytrends.com
- Sudden vision changes (semaglutide/tirzepatide, case series of nine individuals)Severe 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ drugdiscoverytrends.com
- Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) possibly increased with semaglutideSevere 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ drugdiscoverytrends.com
- Keto flu symptoms including irritability and nausea after reaching ketosisMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ health.clevelandclinic.org
- Gastrointestinal side effects (oral GLP-1 candidate)Moderate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ pharmaphorum.com
- Eye toxicity associated with BlenrepModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ biopharmadive.com
- Liver toxicity observed with tolebrutinib in testingSevere 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ biopharmadive.com
- Diminished bone densityModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ webmd.com
- Gallstones (rare, <1%)Severe 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ webmd.com
- Pancreatitis (rare, <1%)SevereReported in 2 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources2Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ webmd.com↗ universaldrugstore.com
- Nausea (semaglutide, liraglutide, dulaglutide, exenatide, tirzepatide)Mild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ webmd.com
- Diarrhea, constipation, vomiting, abdominal cramping (GLP-1 agonists)Mild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ webmd.com
- Headache, fatigue, heartburn, gas (semaglutide/Wegovy)Mild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ webmd.com
- Allergic reaction (GLP-1 agonists)Severe 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ webmd.com
- Pancreatitis, gallbladder problems, kidney problems, vision changes, increased heart rate (GLP-1 agonists)Severe 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ webmd.com
- Thyroid tumors in animals (semaglutide, liraglutide, dulaglutide, exenatide, tirzepatide); human risk unknownSevere 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ webmd.com
- Injection-site lump (Bydureon BCise)Mild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ webmd.com
- GERD, indigestion, hair loss, abdominal pain/swelling (orforglipron)Mild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ webmd.com
- Dangerously low blood sugar when combined with insulin or certain diabetes medicationsSevere 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ webmd.com
- Abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, acid reflux, sleepiness, and vomiting after overeatingModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ healthline.com
- Heartburn, indigestion, or GERDMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ healthline.com
- Bloating, belching, and flatulenceMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ healthline.com
- Adverse event reports associated with compounded GLP-1s (causality unclear)Moderate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ statnews.com
- Mostly mild to moderate gastrointestinal side effects with amycretinMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ drugdiscoverytrends.com
- Gastrointestinal adverse events (nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, constipation)ModerateReported in 3 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources3Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ doi.org↗ doi.org↗ nature.com
- Gastrointestinal events leading to treatment discontinuationModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ nature.com
- Adverse events leading to discontinuation of trial productMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ nature.com
- Gastrointestinal adverse events (mild to moderate)MildReported in 2 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources2Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ doi.org↗ link.springer.com
- Breastfeeding not recommended due to potential serious adverse reactions in breastfed infant from SNAC accumulationSevere 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ endocrinologyadvisor.com
- Nutritional deficiencies associated with weight loss treatmentModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Reductions in muscle mass during weight loss treatmentModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Reductions in bone density during weight loss treatmentModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Suicide attempts and major depression reported as serious adverse eventsSevere 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ nature.com
- More intense side effects with the oral pillModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ verywellhealth.com
- Weight regain after stopping GLP-1 therapy (11.6 of 17.3 percentage points lost regained within one year; mean 9.69 kg regain after discontinuing semaglutide or tirzepatide)Moderate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medscape.com
- Adherence issues, side effects, and cost shrink real-world GLP-1 gains to 8–10% total weight lossMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medscape.com
- Recurrent weight gain after bariatric surgery in 15%–40% of patientsModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medscape.com
- Adding a GLP-1 after bariatric surgery adds lean-mass and bone lossModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medscape.com
- Gastrointestinal events (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation), generally mild and transientMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ nature.com
- Semaglutide GI event incidence 74.2% vs 47.9% placeboMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ nature.com
- Cholelithiasis (up to 2.6%)Moderate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ nature.com
- Discontinuations due to adverse events (7.0% semaglutide, 9% liraglutide, up to 7.1% tirzepatide)Mild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ nature.com
- Hypoglycaemia in T2D patientsModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ clinicaltrialsarena.com
- Nausea (Wegovy 44%, Mounjaro 12%)MildReported in 2 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources2Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com↗ singlecare.com
- Vomiting (Wegovy 24%, Mounjaro 5%)MildReported in 2 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources2Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com↗ singlecare.com
- Diarrhea (Wegovy 30%, Mounjaro 12%)MildReported in 2 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources2Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com↗ singlecare.com
- Constipation (Wegovy 24%, Mounjaro 6%)MildReported in 2 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources2Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com↗ singlecare.com
- Stomach pain (Wegovy 20%, Mounjaro 6%)Mild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- Indigestion (Wegovy 9%, Mounjaro 8%)Mild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- Headache (Wegovy 14%)Mild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- Allergic reactions (rare; hives, trouble breathing, facial/throat swelling)Severe 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- Pancreatitis, kidney or gallbladder problems, diabetic retinopathy complications, hypoglycemia, serious stomach issuesSevere 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- Loss of lean mass (25-40% of weight lost) with GLP-1 anti-obesity medicationsModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medscape.com
- Gastrointestinal side effects with anti-obesity drugsMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medscape.com
- Weight regain averaging ~1 lb/month after stopping medication (~1.8 lb/month for semaglutide/tirzepatide users)Moderate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ drugdiscoverytrends.com
- Return to pre-treatment weight by ~1.7 years after stoppingModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ drugdiscoverytrends.com
- Return of cardiovascular risk factors within ~1.4 years after stoppingModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ drugdiscoverytrends.com
- Pancreatitis (Ozempic)Severe 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ verywellhealth.com
- Diabetic retinopathy complications (Ozempic)Severe 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ verywellhealth.com
- Severe hypoglycemia with insulin therapy (Ozempic)Severe 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ verywellhealth.com
- Acute kidney injury (Ozempic)Severe 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ verywellhealth.com
- Hypersensitivity reactions (Ozempic)Moderate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ verywellhealth.com
- Vitamin B12 deficiency with long-term metformin useModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ verywellhealth.com
- GERDMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Hypoglycemia (plasma glucose <70 mg/dL) with insulin, sulfonylureas, or meglitinidesModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ endocrinologyadvisor.com
- Gastrointestinal adverse effects (bloating, abdominal discomfort, diarrhea) with GLP-1 receptor agonists and other diabetes medicationsMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ endocrinologyadvisor.com
- Weight gain with insulin, sulfonylureas, and thiazolidinedionesMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ endocrinologyadvisor.com
- Thyroid C-cell tumors in animal studies (risk in humans unknown; contraindicated with MTC/MEN 2 history)Severe 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- Injection site reactions (Ozempic)Mild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ verywellhealth.com
- Hypoglycemia (when combined with insulin or other diabetes medications)LifeThreatening 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ verywellhealth.com
- Temporary worsening of diabetic retinopathySevere 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ verywellhealth.com
- Gallbladder disease (cholecystitis or gallstones)Severe 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ verywellhealth.com
- Thyroid C-cell tumors (boxed warning, animal studies)SevereReported in 2 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources2Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ verywellhealth.com↗ singlecare.com
- Nausea and stomach pain (typically subside after a few weeks)Mild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ verywellhealth.com
- Hypoglycemia (dizziness, sweating, shaking, hunger, confusion, nervousness) with overdose or combined diabetes drugsModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ verywellhealth.com
- Severe hypoglycemia may progress to coma and death if untreatedLifeThreatening 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ verywellhealth.com
- Lean-mass and bone loss when GLP-1s are added after bariatric surgeryModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medscape.com
- Retinal stroke (vision loss in one eye)Severe 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Paracentral acute middle maculopathySevere 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Nausea (increased risk with all evaluated GLP-1 RAs; highest with orforglipron RR 4.77, then liraglutide RR 3.09, semaglutide RR 2.95, tirzepatide RR 2.90, exenatide RR 2.66, cagrilintide RR 2.30)Moderate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ nature.com
- Vomiting (increased risk with tirzepatide RR 13.2, semaglutide RR 4.21, liraglutide and orforglipron RR 3.87; not significant for cagrilintide or exenatide)Moderate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ nature.com
- Diarrhea (increased risk with tirzepatide RR 3.35, liraglutide RR 1.82, semaglutide RR 1.77; not significant for exenatide, cagrilintide, orforglipron)Mild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ nature.com
- Constipation (increased risk with tirzepatide RR 3.36, liraglutide RR 2.24, semaglutide RR 2.10)Mild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ nature.com
- Abdominal distention (increased risk with semaglutide RR 1.42)Mild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ nature.com
- Upper abdominal pain (increased risk with semaglutide RR 2.14 and liraglutide RR 1.69)Moderate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ nature.com
- Abdominal pain (increased risk with tirzepatide RR 4.36, semaglutide RR 2.34, liraglutide RR 2.08)Moderate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ nature.com
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (increased risk with semaglutide RR 2.43)Mild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ nature.com
- Gastrointestinal side effects affecting ~40-70% of patientsModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ drugdiscoverytrends.com
- Abdominal discomfort with bloating or crampingMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- Injection-site redness, swelling, itching, or painMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- Thyroid cancer risk (boxed warning; thyroid tumors in rodents)Severe 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- GI effects with orlistat (fatty stools, oily spotting, urgent stools, increased defecation)Moderate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ verywellhealth.com
- Contrave: nausea, constipation, headache, dizziness, insomnia, dry mouth, increased blood pressureModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ verywellhealth.com
- Contrave/supropion boxed warning: increased suicidal thinking in young peopleSevere 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ verywellhealth.com
- GLP-1 agonists (Saxenda/Wegovy/Zepbound): nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, abdominal painModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ verywellhealth.com
- Qsymia: taste changes, tingling, insomnia, and in children depression/dizzinessModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ verywellhealth.com
- Orforglipron: nausea, constipation, diarrhea, vomiting, indigestion, heartburn, tirednessMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ verywellhealth.com
- Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), risk increased with insulin, sulfonylureas, alcohol, and certain supplementsModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Severe gastrointestinal issues including gastroparesis, intestinal obstruction (ileus), and severe constipation including fecal impactionSevere 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Acute kidney injury and worsening of chronic kidney failure due to dehydration from severe nausea, vomiting, or diarrheaSevere 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Risk of thyroid cancer (boxed warning)Severe 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Pulmonary aspiration during surgery with general anesthesia or deep sedationSevere 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Worsening of diabetic retinopathy or new symptomsModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Allergic reaction in those with prior hypersensitivityModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Reduction in lean body mass / muscle lossModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ drugdiscoverytrends.com
- Sudden vision changes (rare) in patients on semaglutide or tirzepatideSevere 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ drugdiscoverytrends.com
- Rapid heartbeat, shaking, sweating (hypoglycemia symptoms)Moderate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Allergic-type reactions (rash, hives, swelling, difficulty breathing)Severe 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Potential pancreatitis-like pain (persistent upper abdominal pain spreading to the back)Severe 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Contamination or excess active ingredient from compounded products (harm or death)LifeThreatening 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Nausea (Ozempic, 16% at 0.5 mg)Mild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- Diarrhea (Ozempic 9%; Mounjaro 12%)Mild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- Stomach pain (Ozempic 7%; Mounjaro 6%)Mild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- Vomiting (5% both drugs)Mild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- Constipation (Ozempic 5%; Mounjaro 6%)Mild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- Indigestion (Ozempic 3.5%; Mounjaro 8%)Mild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- Rare serious reactions: allergic reaction, severely low blood sugar, vision changesSevere 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- Gastric upsetMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Worsening of diabetic retinopathy complicationsModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- CagriSema adverse events mostly mildMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ drugdiscoverytrends.com
- Diarrhea, vomiting, stomach pain, upset stomach, constipation, flatulenceMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Acute kidney injury due to dehydrationSevere 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Gallbladder disease (gallstones, cholecystitis)Severe 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Thyroid cancer risk (FDA boxed warning)Severe 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Nausea / GI symptomsMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- Low blood sugar symptomsModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- Risk of thyroid cancer, pancreatitis, and gallbladder issues with simultaneous use/overdoseSevere 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- Nausea (Wegovy, 44% vs 16% placebo; Mounjaro, 12%)Mild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- Acute kidney or gallbladder problemsSevere 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- Hypoglycemia (especially in people with diabetes)Moderate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- Retinal disorders and changes in visionModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- Increased risk of thyroid cancerSevere 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- Serious allergic reactionLifeThreatening 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- Injection site reactions (Mounjaro)Mild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- Tachycardia (Mounjaro)Moderate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- Adverse side effects from compounded semaglutide/tirzepatide (wrong ingredient, no active ingredient, or incorrect dose)Moderate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- Possible risk of thyroid cancer (boxed warning)Severe 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Acute kidney failure due to dehydrationSevere 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Hypoglycemia (with insulin or in type 2 diabetes)Moderate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Sudden vision changes (nine cases) in patients on semaglutide or tirzepatideSevere 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ drugdiscoverytrends.com
- Digestive side effects from GLP-1 medicationsMildReported in 2 sources 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources2Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ health.clevelandclinic.org↗ medmatrixusa.com
- Facial volume loss and loose skin from rapid weight lossModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ health.clevelandclinic.org
- Keto flu symptoms including irritability and nauseaMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ health.clevelandclinic.org
- Stomach paralysis (gastroparesis) and bowel obstructions (rare; subject of lawsuits)Severe 72/100Rated 72/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ucsf.edu
- Eye toxicity (Blenrep)Moderate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ biopharmadive.com
- Liver toxicity (tolebrutinib)Severe 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ biopharmadive.com
- Out-of-specification API batches (product quality issue; company states no patient-safety impact)Moderate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ synapse.patsnap.com
- Significant gastrointestinal side effects with oral GLP-1 candidate (Pfizer twice-daily programme)Moderate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ pharmaphorum.com
- Anti-exenatide antibodies causing drug loss of efficacy or serious bleedingSevere 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ webmd.com
- Hair loss (orforglipron)Mild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ webmd.com
- Thyroid tumors in animals (semaglutide, liraglutide, tirzepatide, dulaglutide, exenatide)Severe 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ webmd.com
- Low blood sugar risk (in people with diabetes, with poor diet)Moderate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ healthline.com
- Fatigue, hair loss, muscle weakness (from inadequate nutrient intake while on GLP-1)Moderate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ healthline.com
- Gastrointestinal events (most common, mostly mild to moderate, decreased over time)Mild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ link.springer.com
- Gastrointestinal side effects (mostly mild to moderate) from amycretinMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ drugdiscoverytrends.com
- Nutritional deficiencies from weight loss treatmentModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Reductions in muscle mass and bone densityModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Gastrointestinal side effects limiting GLP-1 therapyModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medscape.com
- Rapid weight regain after treatment discontinuationModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ clinicaltrialsarena.com
- SNAC (salcaprozate sodium) and/or its metabolites are present in human milk with unknown potential for serious adverse reactions in breastfed infants; breastfeeding not recommendedModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ endocrinologyadvisor.com
- Weight regain after discontinuing GLP-1 therapy — regain of 11.6 of 17.3 percentage points lost within one year of stopping semaglutide (STEP 1 extension)Moderate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medscape.com
- Mean weight regain of 9.69 kg after discontinuing semaglutide or tirzepatide (2025 meta-analysis)Moderate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medscape.com
- Lean-mass and bone loss when GLP-1s are added on top of bariatric anatomyModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medscape.com
- Gastrointestinal adverse events (most prevalent)Mild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ clinicaltrialsarena.com
- Weight regain after stopping medication (~1 lb/month average; ~1.8 lb/month for semaglutide/tirzepatide)Moderate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ drugdiscoverytrends.com
- Return of elevated cardiovascular risk factors within ~1.4 yearsModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ drugdiscoverytrends.com
- Allergic reaction (hives, trouble breathing, facial/lip/tongue/throat swelling)Severe 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- Kidney or gallbladder problemsSevere 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- Gastrointestinal side effects with anti-obesity drugs (GLP-1s)Moderate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medscape.com
- Appetite suppression potentially impairing nutritional adequacy on GLP-1 therapyMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medscape.com
- Association with certain thyroid cancers in animal studies (risk in humans unknown)Severe 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- Gastrointestinal adverse effects (bloating, abdominal discomfort, diarrhea) with metformin, GLP-1 receptor agonists, sulfonylureas, and thiazolidinedionesMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ endocrinologyadvisor.com
- Genital mycotic infections with SGLT inhibitorsMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ endocrinologyadvisor.com
- Increased risk of biliary disease with GLP-1 receptor agonist therapyModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ endocrinologyadvisor.com
- Nausea (increased risk with all evaluated GLP-1 RAs)Mild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ nature.com
- Vomiting (with tirzepatide, semaglutide, liraglutide, orforglipron)Moderate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ nature.com
- Diarrhea (with tirzepatide, liraglutide, semaglutide)Mild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ nature.com
- Constipation (with tirzepatide, liraglutide, semaglutide)Mild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ nature.com
- Abdominal distention (with semaglutide)Mild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ nature.com
- Upper abdominal pain (with semaglutide, liraglutide)Mild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ nature.com
- Abdominal pain (with tirzepatide, semaglutide, liraglutide)Mild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ nature.com
- GERD (with semaglutide)Moderate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ nature.com
- Retinal artery stroke (vision loss in one eye)Severe 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Bilateral optic nerve swelling (papillitis)Moderate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Thyroid cancer risk (black box warning; thyroid tumors in rodents)Severe 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- Gastrointestinal side effects affecting approximately 40-70% of patientsModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ drugdiscoverytrends.com
- Increased risk of thyroid cancer (boxed warning)Severe 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), potentially severe with insulin or sulfonylureasModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Severe gastrointestinal issues including gastroparesis, ileus, severe constipation, and fecal impactionSevere 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Acute kidney injury / worsening chronic kidney failure from dehydration due to nausea, vomiting, or diarrheaSevere 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Weight regain after stopping GLP-1 therapy (11.6 of 17.3 percentage points lost regained within one year; meta-analysis mean regain 9.69 kg)Moderate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medscape.com
- Added lean-mass and bone loss when GLP-1s are stacked on bariatric anatomyModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medscape.com
- Adherence issues and side effects shrink real-world weight-loss gains (unspecified)Mild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medscape.com
- Hypoglycemia (rapid heartbeat, shaking, sweating, dizziness, confusion)LifeThreatening 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Pancreatitis-like abdominal pain radiating to the backSevere 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Allergic reaction (rash, hives, swelling of face, mouth, tongue, throat; difficulty breathing or swallowing)Severe 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Edema of legs, ankles, or feetModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Headache, slurred speech, shakiness, weakness, mood changes, drowsinessModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Harm or death from contaminated compounded products or excess active ingredientLifeThreatening 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Reduction in lean body mass (muscle loss) during weight lossModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ drugdiscoverytrends.com
- Diarrhea (Ozempic)Mild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- Stomach pain (Ozempic)Mild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- Vomiting (Ozempic)Mild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- Constipation (Ozempic)Mild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- Nausea (Mounjaro)Mild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- Diarrhea (Mounjaro)Mild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- Indigestion (Mounjaro)Mild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- Constipation (Mounjaro)Mild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- Stomach pain (Mounjaro)Mild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- Allergic reaction (trouble breathing, hives, swelling) — rare, seriousSevere 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- Severely low blood sugar — rare, seriousSevere 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- Sudden vision changes in patients on semaglutide or tirzepatide (nine-case series)Severe 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ drugdiscoverytrends.com
- Decreased appetite (Trulicity)Mild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- Diabetic retinopathy complications (temporary worsening)Moderate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- Hypersensitivity reactions (anaphylaxis, angioedema)LifeThreatening 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- Thyroid C-cell tumors (medullary thyroid carcinoma) in animal studies - boxed warningSevere 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- Constipation, flatulence, stomach pain, upset stomach, heartburnMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Thyroid cancer risk (boxed warning)Severe 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Nausea (common GLP-1 receptor agonist GI side effect)Mild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- Possible low blood sugar and worsening gastrointestinal symptoms after switchingModerate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- Serious risks with simultaneous use: thyroid cancer, pancreatitis, gallbladder issuesSevere 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- Adverse side effects from compounded semaglutide/tirzepatide (may contain wrong, too much, or too little active ingredient)Moderate 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- Possible thyroid cancer risk (boxed warning; thyroid tumors shown in rodents)Severe 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Sudden vision changes in patients taking semaglutide or tirzepatide (nine individuals reported in JAMA Ophthalmology case series)Severe 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ drugdiscoverytrends.com
- Increased risk of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) with semaglutideSevere 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ drugdiscoverytrends.com
- Increased side effects with retatrutideModerate 70/100Rated 70/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ drugdiscoverytrends.com
- Keto flu symptoms (irritability and nausea)Mild 70/100Rated 70/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ health.clevelandclinic.org
- Weight gain after stopping medicationModerate 70/100Rated 70/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- Increased side effects associated with retatrutideModerate 70/100Rated 70/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ drugdiscoverytrends.com
- Significant gastrointestinal side effectsModerate 70/100Rated 70/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ pharmaphorum.com
- Severe dehydrationSevere 70/100Rated 70/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ucsf.edu
- Atrial fibrillation exacerbationSevere 70/100Rated 70/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ucsf.edu
- Stomach paralysisSevere 70/100Rated 70/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ucsf.edu
- Increased severity of side effects with retatrutide, including nauseaMild 70/100Rated 70/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ drugdiscoverytrends.com
- Facial volume loss ('Ozempic face') following significant weight lossMild 70/100Rated 70/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ med.stanford.edu
- Higher risk of discontinuation due to adverse events with orforglipron (OR 4.1)Moderate 70/100Rated 70/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ pharmaceutical-technology.com
- Higher risk of gastrointestinal adverse events with orforglipron (OR 13.9)Moderate 70/100Rated 70/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ pharmaceutical-technology.com
- Increased risk of biliary disease with GLP-1 receptor agonists and DPP-4 inhibitorsModerate 70/100Rated 70/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ endocrinologyadvisor.com
- Suicidal ideation under investigation in users of GLP-1 receptor agonists (semaglutide, liraglutide)Severe 70/100Rated 70/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ pharmaceutical-technology.com
- Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) — nearly 4-fold increased risk with semaglutide treatmentSevere 70/100Rated 70/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ endocrinologyadvisor.com
- Nausea and increased severity of side effects with retatrutideMildReported in 3 sources 70/100Rated 70/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources3Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ drugdiscoverytrends.com↗ drugdiscoverytrends.com↗ drugdiscoverytrends.com
- Muscle pain, fatigue, and eye issues (some Ozempic users)Mild 70/100Rated 70/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ singlecare.com
- Increased risk of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) with poor diet in people with diabetesModerate 70/100Rated 70/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ healthline.com
- Severe dehydration and atrial fibrillation exacerbation in an older patientSevere 70/100Rated 70/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ucsf.edu
- Accelerated muscle loss with too-rapid weight lossModerate 70/100Rated 70/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ucsf.edu
- Weight regain after discontinuation (adults regained 2/3 of lost weight within a year)Moderate 70/100Rated 70/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ webmd.com
- Risk of muscle loss in already-lean populations using GLP-1 drugsModerate 70/100Rated 70/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ statnews.com
- Adverse events reported to FDA tied to compounded GLP-1s (causality unclear)Moderate 70/100Rated 70/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ statnews.com
- Suicidal ideation (under investigation for GLP-1 receptor agonists)Severe 70/100Rated 70/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ clinicaltrialsarena.com
- Drug shortages limiting accessMild 70/100Rated 70/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ clinicaltrialsarena.com
- Serious cardiovascular issues associated with fenfluramine (historical anti-obesity drug, not GLP-1)Severe 70/100Rated 70/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ clinicaltrialsarena.com
- Increased hunger via rebound ghrelin and appetite signals after discontinuationMild 70/100Rated 70/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ drugdiscoverytrends.com
- Increased blood pressure after stopping due to restored sodium reabsorption (NHE3)Mild 70/100Rated 70/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ drugdiscoverytrends.com
- Discontinuation due to adverse events significantly higher with orforglipron (OR 4.1)Moderate 70/100Rated 70/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ pharmaceutical-technology.com
- Gastrointestinal adverse events significantly higher with orforglipron (OR 13.9)Moderate 70/100Rated 70/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ pharmaceutical-technology.com
- Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) — nearly 4-fold increased risk with semaglutideSevere 70/100Rated 70/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ endocrinologyadvisor.com
- Suicidal ideation under investigation with GLP-1 receptor agonists (semaglutide, liraglutide)Severe 70/100Rated 70/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ pharmaceutical-technology.com
- Nausea with retatrutide; increased severity of side effects vs other GLP-1 drugsMild 70/100Rated 70/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ drugdiscoverytrends.com
- Semaglutide effects on fetal development remain unknownModerate 70/100Rated 70/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ drugdiscoverytrends.com
- Increased severity of side effects with retatrutide at higher dosesModerate 68/100Rated 68/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ drugdiscoverytrends.com
- Risk of muscle loss in already-lean populationsModerate 65/100Rated 65/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ statnews.com
- Suicidal ideation under investigation in people taking semaglutide and liraglutideSevere 65/100Rated 65/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ clinicaltrialsarena.com
- TRT associated with increased benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) riskModerate 65/100Rated 65/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ endocrinologyadvisor.com
- Fatigue, hair loss, and muscle weakness from inadequate nutrient intake while on GLP-1 drugsModerate 65/100Rated 65/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ healthline.com
- Diminished muscle mass and bone densityModerate 65/100Rated 65/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ webmd.com
- Weight gain after stopping the medicationModerate 65/100Rated 65/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ medicalnewstoday.com
- NAION (Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy)SevereReported in 2 sources 60/100Rated 60/100Source typeSpecialist communityIndependent sources2Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ ema.europa.eu↗ prnewswire.com
- Vision lossSevereReported in 3 sources 60/100Rated 60/100Source typeSpecialist communityIndependent sources3Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ prnewswire.com↗ resources.healthgrades.com↗ americanmedspa.org
- Hypoglycemia Risk During Exercise or Fasting with Insulin IcodecModerate 60/100Rated 60/100Source typeSpecialist communityIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ prnewswire.com
- Hypoglycemia Outcomes with IcoSema vs Comparators in T2DModerate 60/100Rated 60/100Source typeSpecialist communityIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ prnewswire.com
- Carpal tunnel symptomsModerate 60/100Rated 60/100Source typeSpecialist communityIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ excelmale.com
- Bacterial infectionsLifeThreatening 60/100Rated 60/100Source typeSpecialist communityIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ excelmale.com
- water retention (GH Peptides)Moderate 60/100Rated 60/100Source typeSpecialist communityIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ excelmale.com
- sepsisLifeThreatening 60/100Rated 60/100Source typeSpecialist communityIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ excelmale.com
- heart valve damage (Unregulated Peptides)LifeThreatening 60/100Rated 60/100Source typeSpecialist communityIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ excelmale.com
- Gastroesophageal refluxMild 60/100Rated 60/100Source typeSpecialist communityIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ peptidepedia.org
- Inflammatory responsesMild 60/100Rated 60/100Source typeSpecialist communityIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ peptidepedia.org
- Immune responsesModerate 60/100Rated 60/100Source typeSpecialist communityIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ peptidepedia.org
- Unexpected pharmacological effectsModerate 60/100Rated 60/100Source typeSpecialist communityIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ peptidepedia.org
- Severe Gastrointestinal Adverse EventsModerate 60/100Rated 60/100Source typeSpecialist communityIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ peptidepedia.org
- Nausea (Semaglutide)Mild 60/100Rated 60/100Source typeSpecialist communityIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ peptidepedia.org
- Diarrhea (Semaglutide)Mild 60/100Rated 60/100Source typeSpecialist communityIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ peptidepedia.org
- Vomiting (Semaglutide)Mild 60/100Rated 60/100Source typeSpecialist communityIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ peptidepedia.org
- Impurities in compounded injectable semaglutide (up to 86%)Severe 60/100Rated 60/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ drugdiscoverytrends.com
- Impurities in compounded injectable semaglutide (up to 86% impurities per Novo Nordisk testing)Severe 60/100Rated 60/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ drugdiscoverytrends.com
- Compounded products may contain incorrect amounts of active ingredientsModerate 60/100Rated 60/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ drugdiscoverytrends.com
- Hypoglycaemia risk when combined with insulin or sulfonylureaModerate 60/100Rated 60/100Source typeSpecialist communityIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ peptidedosage.org
- Lipohypertrophy at repeated injection sitesMild 60/100Rated 60/100Source typeSpecialist communityIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ peptidedosage.org
- Ozempic face (facial changes associated with semaglutide use)Mild 60/100Rated 60/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ verywellhealth.com
- Adverse events with crovalimab similar to eculizumab comparator (78% vs 80% incidence)Mild 60/100Rated 60/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ synapse.patsnap.com
- Nausea (frequently discussed side effect of GLP-1 medications in social media posts)Mild 60/100Rated 60/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ nature.com
- Increased side effects observed with retatrutide at 28.3% weight-loss efficacyModerate 60/100Rated 60/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ drugdiscoverytrends.com
Reported in research and community sources — not exhaustive. Discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional if side effects occur.
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Technical Details (sequence & mechanism — click to expand)
Mechanism of Action
A long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist. Mimics human glucagon-like peptide-1 to increase glucose-dependent insulin secretion, suppress glucagon, slow gastric emptying, and reduce appetite. Approved as Ozempic (type 2 diabetes) and Wegovy (chronic weight management). Semisynthetic GLP-1 analog with a C18 fatty-acid side chain enabling albumin binding and extended half-life.
Evidence
Research Citations (105)
Every claim above traces back to a source you can check — here are 105 of them.
- Source
Two-Year Effects of Semaglutide (STEP 5)
RCT2022 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sourcesstill being verifiedEvery claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology → - Source
Once-Weekly Semaglutide for Weight Management: A Clinical Review
Review2022 82/100Rated 82/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sourcesstill being verifiedEvery claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology → - Source
STEP 1 - Semaglutide in Overweight/Obesity
Registry2018 88/100Rated 88/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sourcesstill being verifiedEvery claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology → - Source
Cost-effectiveness of once-weekly semaglutide versus dulaglutide and lixisenatide in patients with type 2 diabetes with inadequate glycemic control in Sweden.
2019 95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sourcesstill being verifiedEvery claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology → - Source
Comparison of Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Tirzepatide, Liraglutide and Semaglutide in Patients with Obesity and Without T2D: A Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials.
2026 95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sourcesstill being verifiedEvery claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology → - Source
Efficacy and Safety of Once-Weekly Semaglutide Versus Exenatide ER in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes (SUSTAIN 3): A 56-Week, Open-Label, Randomized Clinical Trial.
2018 95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sourcesstill being verifiedEvery claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology → - Source
Semaglutide 2·4 mg once weekly in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-related cirrhosis: a randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial.
2023 95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sourcesstill being verifiedEvery claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology → - Source
Semaglutide
95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sourcesstill being verifiedEvery claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology → - Source
PubChem - Compound - Semaglutide
95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sourcesstill being verifiedEvery claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology → - Source
Ozempic – semaglutide injection, solution
95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sourcesstill being verifiedEvery claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology → - Source
Rybelsus – oral semaglutide tablet
95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sourcesstill being verifiedEvery claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology → - Source
Wegovy- semaglutide injection, solution; Wegovy- semaglutide tablet
95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sourcesstill being verifiedEvery claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology → - Source
Ozempic EPAR
90/100Rated 90/100Source typeRegulator or clinical registryIndependent sourcesstill being verifiedEvery claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology → - Source
Rybelsus EPAR
90/100Rated 90/100Source typeRegulator or clinical registryIndependent sourcesstill being verifiedEvery claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology → - Source
Wegovy EPAR
90/100Rated 90/100Source typeRegulator or clinical registryIndependent sourcesstill being verifiedEvery claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →
Timeline
History & Milestones
Key moments in Semaglutide’s research and regulatory timeline — sourced and dated.
- Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with obesity and prevalent heart failure: a prespecified analysis of the SELECT trialPublicationAug 24, 2024Related:Semaglutide
- Semaglutide in Patients with Obesity-Related Heart Failure and Type 2 DiabetesPublicationApr 18, 2024Related:Semaglutide
- Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Obesity without DiabetesPublicationDec 14, 2023Related:Semaglutide
- Semaglutide in Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and ObesityPublicationSep 21, 2023Related:Semaglutide
- Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Oral Semaglutide Versus Placebo Added to Insulin With or Without Metformin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: The PIONEER 8 TrialPublicationDec 1, 2019Related:Semaglutide
- Effect of Additional Oral Semaglutide vs Sitagliptin on Glycated Hemoglobin in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Uncontrolled With Metformin Alone or With Sulfonylurea The PIONEER 3 Randomized Clinical TrialPublicationApr 16, 2019Related:Semaglutide
- Semaglutide Added to Basal Insulin in Type 2 Diabetes (SUSTAIN 5): A Randomized, Controlled TrialPublicationJun 1, 2018Related:Semaglutide
News
Latest on Semaglutide
Dated, sourced reporting that mentions Semaglutide.
ResearchSep 11, 2026
Browse Articles | International Journal of Obesity
This journal listing includes several articles touching on obesity pharmacotherapy, most notably a systematic review and meta-analysis of subcutaneous semaglutide's effects on weight loss and inflammatory markers in adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes. Additional items examine GLP-1 receptor agonists from a rheumatological perspective and self-medication with GLP-1 drugs among Brazilian adults. The listing also covers broader obesity research, including bariatric surgery positioning and epidemiological studies.
72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sourcesstill being verifiedEvery claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →Read →
ResearchAug 24, 2026
Semaglutide’s heart benefits may partly involve reduced inflammation
New research suggests that semaglutide reduces the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) not only through weight loss but also by lowering systemic inflammation. A study of over 17,000 patients found that reductions in the inflammatory biomarker hs-CRP accounted for roughly 28% of the drug's cardiovascular benefit. This indicates that semaglutide's mechanism for heart protection involves direct anti-inflammatory effects independent of glycemic control or body weight reduction.
50/100Rated 50/100Source typeUnclassified sourceIndependent sourcesstill being verifiedEvery claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →Read →
MarketJul 31, 2026
Welcome to Novo Nordisk in the U.S. | Novo Nordisk U.S. Website
Novo Nordisk's U.S. news portal highlights several key developments regarding its peptide-based portfolio. The company is actively challenging Eli Lilly's advertising campaigns regarding GLP-1 therapies, signaling ongoing market competition. Additionally, Novo Nordisk reported positive Phase 3 results for its hemophilia A drug denecimig and expanded access to Wegovy for Medicare beneficiaries.
50/100Rated 50/100Source typeUnclassified sourceIndependent sourcesstill being verifiedEvery claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →Read →
RegulatoryJul 31, 2026
Novo Nordisk
Novo Nordisk has announced two major regulatory milestones in the European Union. The company received approval for an oral version of its weight management drug Wegovy, as well as a new 7.2 mg dose pen. Additionally, the company is taking legal action against Eli Lilly regarding misleading GLP-1 advertising campaigns.
50/100Rated 50/100Source typeUnclassified sourceIndependent sourcesstill being verifiedEvery claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →Read →
RegulatoryJul 31, 2026
Wegovy® approved by FDA for the treatment of adults with noncirrhotic MASH with moderate to advanced liver fibrosis
The FDA has granted accelerated approval to Novo Nordisk’s Wegovy (semaglutide) for the treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) with moderate to advanced liver fibrosis. This decision is based on Phase 3 data from the ESSENCE trial, where the drug significantly outperformed placebo in resolving liver inflammation and improving scarring. Wegovy is now the first GLP-1 receptor agonist approved for this liver condition.
60/100Rated 60/100Source typeSpecialist communityIndependent sourcesstill being verifiedEvery claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →Read →
Wondering how Semaglutide pricing compares across suppliers? Our original market data shows the full picture.
See the State of the Peptide Market 2026 →Related on The Health Stacks
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