GDF15

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Also called: GDF-15, R-Ketorolac and GDF-15 Inhibitors

By The Health Stacks Research TeamUpdated September 24, 2026

GDF15 stands for growth differentiation factor 15. It is a natural chemical messenger that your body makes. It belongs to a big family of messengers called the TGF-beta family. Most organs in the body make small amounts of it. When an organ like the liver, kidney, heart, or lung gets hurt, the body makes much more of it.

Scientists have found that GDF15 can make animals and people eat less. In one mouse study, liver cells that made extra GDF15 caused the mice to stop eating as much. The mice also handled blood sugar better. GDF15 works by sending a 'stop eating' signal to the brain. It may also be a signal the body sends when it is sick or injured.

Researchers are studying GDF15 as a clue for diseases like cancer and lung scarring. High amounts may show that a tumor is making the body waste away. Most of the research so far has been done in lab animals, not people. We still do not know the best dose or if it is safe as a medicine. No product is approved for people to use today.

Research-stageEarly-stage — evidence so far is mostly cell, animal, or preliminary human studies. Not an approved medicine. Verified confidence80–100 — backed by strong, well-corroborated sources (peer-reviewed research, clinical guidelines). Our highest confidence tier.

Benefits

What GDF15 Helps With

The benefits people report — backed by research.

Weight management (8)

Weight management 95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →Energy metabolism 90/100Rated 90/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →Reduction in adiposity 85/100Rated 85/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →Appetite regulation 85/100Rated 85/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →Therapeutic agent for obesity 85/100Rated 85/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →GDF15 analogs proposed as obesity therapeutics 85/100Rated 85/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →GDF15 regulates appetite and has BMI lowering effects 85/100Rated 85/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →Treatment of obesity 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →

Glycemic & metabolic (8)

Insulin sensitivity 90/100Rated 90/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →Metabolic alteration 85/100Rated 85/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →Inhibits gluconeogenesis 85/100Rated 85/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →Metformin elevates circulating GDF15 levels in mice and humans 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →Metformin increases circulating levels of GDF15 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →Metformin prevents type 2 diabetes in people at high risk 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →Treatment of metabolic disorders 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →Treatment of hyperglycaemia / diabetes 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →

Cardiovascular & vascular (4)

Plasma GDF-15 concentration predicts early recurrence after atrial arrhythmia ablation 95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →Plasma GDF15 concentration predicts early recurrence after atrial arrhythmia ablation 95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →Protects heart from ischemia/reperfusion injury 85/100Rated 85/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →Angiogenesis 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →

Cancer / tumor (3)

Treatment of anorexia/cachexia syndromes 85/100Rated 85/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →Potential therapeutic target for improving outcomes in metabolic disorders and cancer 85/100Rated 85/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →Targeting MIC-1/GDF15 for therapy of anorexia/cachexia syndromes 85/100Rated 85/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →

Immune modulation (2)

Small noncoding RNA TY2 enhances efferocytosis and improves outcomes in a mouse model of sepsis 95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →Regulation of macrophage function 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →

Anti-fibrotic (2)

Inhibits fibrosis 85/100Rated 85/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →Reduces phosphorylated SMAD3 levels 85/100Rated 85/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →

Neuroprotection & cognitive (2)

Neuroprotective role of GDF15 in neurodegeneration 80/100Rated 80/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →Brain / cognitive 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →

More reported benefits (3)

Treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum in pregnancy 85/100Rated 85/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →Enhancing IgG fragment crystallisable sialylation improves the therapeutic activity of IL23 cytokine blockade 95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →Muscle recovery 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →

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Safety

Known Side Effects

Adverse effects reported in the research and by community use.

  • Nausea and vomitingModerateReported in 2 sources 90/100Rated 90/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources2Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ doi.org↗ ebiotrade.com
  • Anorexia-cachexiaSevere 90/100Rated 90/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ doi.org
  • Aversive visceral malaiseModerate 85/100Rated 85/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ doi.org
  • Anorexia-cachexia syndromeLifeThreatening 85/100Rated 85/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
  • Weight lossModerate 85/100Rated 85/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Reported in research and community sources — not exhaustive. Discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional if side effects occur.

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Compare research-grade suppliers with third-party COAs and published purity data. For in-vitro and laboratory research use only — not for human consumption, diagnosis, or treatment.

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News

Latest on GDF15

Dated, sourced reporting that mentions GDF15.

ResearchMar 21, 2018

Placenta and appetite genes GDF15 and IGFBP7 are associated with hyperemesis gravidarum

A genome-wide association study published in Nature Communications has identified a genetic link between hyperemesis gravidarum (HG), a severe form of pregnancy sickness, and two specific genes: GDF15 and IGFBP7. The research found that variants at chr19p13.11 and chr4q12 loci are associated with the condition, implicating these genes which are known to influence placentation, appetite regulation, and cachexia. While further study is needed to prove causality, these findings suggest that hormonal signaling involving these peptides may drive the severe nausea and vomiting experienced in HG.

72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sourcesstill being verifiedEvery claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →Read →
Research

Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and hyperemesis gravidarum

A review in Nature Reviews Disease Primers examines the biological underpinnings and clinical management of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) and hyperemesis gravidarum (HG). It highlights recent genetic advances implicating the hormone GDF15 and the protein IGFBP7 as key drivers of the condition, acting through receptors in the brainstem. These findings suggest a placental origin for the disease and offer potential targets for future therapeutic development.

72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sourcesstill being verifiedEvery claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →Read →

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