alpha-1 antitrypsin

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Also called: Alpha-1 Antitrypsin ELISA for Human Stool (ImmuChrom), Etanercept and Alpha-1 antitrypsin Dual Therapy, Alpha1-proteinase inhibitor (human)

By The Health Stacks Research TeamUpdated September 20, 2026

Alpha-1 antitrypsin is a protein that your body makes in the liver. It travels in your blood and protects your lungs from harm. Some people are born with a gene change that means they make too little of it, or a version that gets stuck in the liver. This is called Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. It runs in families, so parents can pass it to their children.

When there is not enough of this protein in the blood, the lungs can get hurt over time. This can lead to breathing problems like trouble catching your breath, wheezing, and a bad cough. The stuck protein can also bother the liver, and some people get liver damage. Doctors can find it with a simple blood test. Some people get protein given through a vein to help protect their lungs.

Not everyone with this gene change gets sick. Some people stay healthy their whole lives, and doctors do not fully know why. Smoking makes lung problems much worse and much faster, so not smoking is very important. Testing early helps people make good choices about their health. If it runs in your family, ask a doctor about getting checked.

ApprovedApproved by a regulator (e.g. FDA) for a specific medical use — the highest research-status tier. High confidence60–79 — backed by solid sources with good corroboration across multiple citations.

Benefits

What alpha-1 antitrypsin Helps With

The benefits people report — backed by research.

Cytoprotection / cellular defense (5)

Endogenous metal ion chelator 75/100Rated 75/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →Essential metal ion homeostasis 75/100Rated 75/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →Inhibitor of serine proteases 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →A1AT replacement therapy treats Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency by restoring protease inhibitor function to protect lung tissue from elastase-driven proteolytic destruction 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →Corrects disease-causing mutation in AATD 70/100Rated 70/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →

Anti-inflammatory (4)

Inhibition of neutrophil elastase 95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →Reduces risk of asthma exacerbations 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →Anti-inflammatory 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →SERPINA1 Pi*S and Pi*Z variants and reduced AAT protein levels are associated with increased risk of asthma exacerbations 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →

Tissue & wound healing (3)

Prevention of parenchymal destruction in lungs 95/100Rated 95/100Source typePeer-reviewed studyIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →Prevention or slowing of lung density loss and lung function worsening in Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →Augmentation therapy slows or stops lung damage in AAT deficiency 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →

Immune modulation (3)

Treatment of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources2Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →· 2 srcAAT deficiency and SERPINA1 Pi*S/Pi*Z variants are associated with increased risk of asthma exacerbations, suggesting AAT augmentation could be a potential therapeutic target 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →Recombinant CHO-cell-derived A1AT can be purified to 99.9% purity with low host-cell protein contamination via integrated chromatography, offering a scalable alternative to plasma-derived A1AT 70/100Rated 70/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →

Renal & hepatic (2)

Liver health 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →Investigational base-editing therapy BEAM-302 has shown it can correct the disease-causing SERPINA1 mutation in patients with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency in early clinical trials 65/100Rated 65/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →

More reported benefits (12)

Potential reduction of lung density loss and lung function worsening in AATD 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →Treats Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Deficiency 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →Potential reduction of lung density loss in AATD 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →Augmentation therapy for emphysema 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →Treatment of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency via augmentation therapy 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →AAT augmentation therapy addresses emphysema/lung disease in AAT deficiency 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →Protection of lower respiratory tract against proteolytic destruction 70/100Rated 70/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →Inhaled AAT safely boosts AAT levels directly in the lungs 70/100Rated 70/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →Base editing can correct the disease-causing Z mutation in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency in clinical trials 65/100Rated 65/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →Indicated as alpha-1 antitrypsin therapy for specific COPD patient phenotypes 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →Base editing corrects disease-causing mutation in AAT deficiency patients 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →Inhibition of serine proteases 70/100Rated 70/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →

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How People Use It

1 reported routine — each line links to the source it came from.

From published sources

Routines as reported in peer-reviewed papers, clinical guidance, or vetted media — each linked to the source it came from.

SubQ

  • once a week 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ source

mg vs mcg: one milligram (mg) equals 1,000 micrograms (mcg) — multiply by 1,000 going from mg to mcg, divide by 1,000 going from mcg to mg. Mixing the two up is a thousand-fold dosing error: 1 mg taken instead of 1 mcg is a 1,000× overdose; 1 mcg instead of 1 mg is a 1,000× underdose. Always double-check the unit label and the decimal place.

Safety

Known Side Effects

Adverse effects reported in the research and by community use.

  • Anti-AAT antibodiesMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ synapse.patsnap.com
  • Anti-PEG antibodiesMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ synapse.patsnap.com
  • Adverse eventsMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ synapse.patsnap.com
  • Anti-AAT and anti-PEG antibody generationMild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ synapse.patsnap.com
  • Immunogenicity (anti-AAT and anti-PEG antibody formation)Mild 72/100Rated 72/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ synapse.patsnap.com
  • WheezingModerate 70/100Rated 70/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ webmd.com
  • Jaundice (Yellowish skin or eyes)Moderate 70/100Rated 70/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ webmd.com
  • Coughing up bloodSevere 70/100Rated 70/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ webmd.com
  • Panniculitis (painful lumps or hardening of skin)Moderate 70/100Rated 70/100Source typeEstablished referenceIndependent sources1Every claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →↗ webmd.com

Reported in research and community sources — not exhaustive. Discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional if side effects occur.

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News

Latest on alpha-1 antitrypsin

Dated, sourced reporting that mentions alpha-1 antitrypsin.

Clinical

INBRX-101 Shows Favorable Safety Profile in Patients with Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency

The article reports interim Phase 1 results for INBRX-101, Inhibrx's recombinant human AAT-Fc fusion protein for alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) augmentation. In 21-24 patients with the ZZ SERPINA1 mutation, the drug showed a favorable safety profile with no drug-related severe or serious adverse events at single doses up to 120 mg/kg or multi-doses up to 80 mg/kg. PK data suggest once-monthly dosing could achieve normal AAT serum levels with troughs above the current plasma-derived standard of care — an advance the Foundation's scientific director Mark Brantly called potentially important for the Alpha-1 community.

60/100Rated 60/100Source typeSpecialist communityIndependent sourcesstill being verifiedEvery claim links to the page it came from, and stronger sources rate higher. Full methodology →Read →

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