A retrospective study published in Scientific Reports in April 2025 by Yao et al. found that adding thymosin alpha-1 to lenvatinib plus sintilimab extended median overall survival to 16 months versus 11 months in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. The thymosin alpha-1 group also showed higher objective response rates (55.8% vs 34.7%) and longer progression-free survival. The findings add to growing evidence for the immunomodulatory peptide as a useful adjunct in cancer combination regimens.