Researchers have proposed an updated framework called 'NAD World 3.0' to explain mammalian aging, highlighting the critical roles of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and extracellular nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (eNAMPT). This concept emphasizes that the decline of systemic NAD+ is a key driver of aging and suggests that inter-tissue communication, mediated by NMN transport and eNAMPT activity, regulates longevity. The theory updates previous versions by incorporating new findings on how these molecules maintain metabolic feedback loops between the hypothalamus and peripheral tissues.
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