This review describes hepcidin as the iron-regulatory hormone, a 25-amino-acid peptide made by hepatocytes that controls plasma iron by regulating the exporter ferroportin. Hepcidin rises with iron loading and inflammation (via IL-6) and falls with erythropoietic drive and in pregnancy. Deficiency causes iron overload in hemochromatosis and iron-loading anemias, while excess drives iron-restrictive anemias; the authors note hepcidin-targeted agonist/antagonist therapeutics — naming rusfertide and VIT-2763 — as the emerging treatment frontier.
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