This review describes gastrin as a peptide hormone released by antral G-cells that stimulates gastric acid secretion, with region-specific trophic effects in the stomach. It links pathological hypergastrinemia — driven by proton-pump inhibitor use, H. pylori infection, and atrophic gastritis — to ECL hyperplasia and carcinoid formation. It also details gastrin's mitogenic and antiapoptotic roles in gastric, pancreatic, and colorectal cancers.
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