A comprehensive 2025 narrative review in Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine by McGuire et al. synthesized the evidence on BPC-157 for musculoskeletal injury, detailing its pro-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. The authors documented only three small human pilot studies to date, including a 2025 first-in-human IV infusion trial in two healthy adults that reported no adverse events. Despite robust preclinical signals across tendon, muscle, and bone repair, the review concluded BPC-157 remains investigational pending well-designed clinical trials.
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