This Lund University review (Svensson & Nilsson) centers on the human cathelicidin LL-37, summarizing how it kills bacteria and enveloped viruses by permeabilizing membranes and by binding endotoxins such as LPS. It also reviews LL-37's dual pro- and anti-inflammatory roles and presents evidence that at micromolar concentrations it is cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic to infected or weakened host cells, which may help contain local infections.
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